把握《纲要》特点 确保食物安全

国务院办公厅新发布的《中国食物与营养发展纲要(2014—2020年)》,是一个具有民本性、科学性、宏观性、创新性和食安性的纲领性文件。在新形势下,要全面把握新《纲要》的"五性"特点,确保中国食物安全,推动食物与营养健康发展。     

八角叶片提取物对榕管蓟马成虫的生物活性

本文采用"Y"型管法和三角瓶熏蒸法研究了八角叶的4种溶剂提取物对榕管蓟马成虫的驱避和杀虫作用。结果表明,八角叶的4种溶剂提取物对榕管蓟马成虫均具有驱避和杀虫作用。其中,丙酮、无水乙醇和乙酸乙酯3种溶剂提取物的驱避和杀虫作用较强,浓度为1.60mg/cm2处理的驱避等级均达到Ⅳ级,而相同浓度石油醚提取物的驱避等级仅为Ⅱ级。在杀虫活性方面,用3.54mg/cm2提取物处理36h后,榕管蓟马成虫的校正死亡率除石油醚提取物外均达93.67%以上。另外,八角叶4种溶剂提取物对榕管蓟马成虫的LC50测定表明,丙酮提取物对榕管蓟马成虫的杀虫效果最好。本文结果将为榕管蓟马成虫的防治及植物源杀虫剂的开发提供实验基础。     

枯草芽孢杆菌CN620菌株制剂对板栗烂果病的防治及病原的抑制作用初报

从板栗树体上分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌 [Bacillussubtilis(Ehrenberg)Cohn]CN62 0菌株。室内测定其菌株制剂对Glomerellasp .、Alternariaalternata、Trichotheciumroseum、Pestalotiasp .和Fusariumsp .5种板栗烂果病主要病原的抑制作用均为 1 0 0 % ,而CN62 0菌株 50倍培养液 ,对上述 5种病菌的抑制效果为 86.5%～ 96.6%。其抑菌机理主要是使病菌孢子和菌丝畸变 ,细胞壁溶解 ,原生质泄漏。 1 997年和 1 998年连续两年两点对板栗烂果病进行小区防治试验的防治效果分别为 87.7%和 87.6% ,明显高于化学农药处理的 30 .4 %和 31 .7%的效果     

基于师范类高校学生阅读行为调查的思考——以天津师大和上海师大为例

从调查上海师大与天津师大本科学生阅读动机出发,分析师范类高校学生阅读需求的价值取向以及阅读需求的特点,并探讨由此引发的师范类高校图书馆馆藏建设的困惑,即如何合理分配专业文献和文化素养类文献在馆藏结构中的比例。     

吐温-80对紫露草微核的诱变检测

利用紫露草微核技术，对吐温-80（Tween-80）进行了诱变检测，结果表明，当吐温-80浓度达5％及以上时．对植物细胞才有明显的资变效应。在5％以下时，微核率与阳性对照之间无显著意义。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

地克珠利饮水剂生产工艺研究及临床药效试验

本试验通过溶剂和助溶剂的筛选，研制成功地克珠利饮水剂。生产工艺和产品符合《中国兽药典》（１９９０年版）要求。临床药效试验表明地克珠利饮水剂按０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量使用，抗球虫指数值均超过１８０，均具有高效抗球虫效力。     

植物生长抑制剂在草坪上的应用研究进展

综述了植物生长抑制剂对草坪草生长发育和生理特性的影响。并且指出 ,植物生长抑制剂可有效降低草坪草株、减少修剪次数、提高草坪草的抗逆性 ,从而降低管理费用     

Community‐Based Rehabilitation of Mountain Terraces in Cyprus

Participatory methods and community‐based approaches have an important role to play in combating land degradation. This paper follows a well‐defined participatory framework to identify key stakeholders and to select Sustainable Land Management approaches for reducing soil erosion and land degradation in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus. Among the options suggested and evaluated by stakeholders, terrace rehabilitation had the best overall performance, followed by crop diversification and afforestation. Stakeholders agreed that the rehabilitation of dry‐stone terraces was the preferred option, as it is a practice with high environmental benefits and fits well in the local socio‐cultural context, despite the higher cost compared to other options. In the first year of implementing the approach, three mountain communities co‐organised hands‐on terrace maintenance events, engaging more than 160 people in rehabilitation activities. The community‐based approach has sparked the interest of people within and beyond the research site, and another series of events is scheduled for the coming season. This outcome indicates that social innovations can benefit from the integration of local and scientific knowledge, while participatory process can enhance the self‐confidence and organisational structures of local communities. Sustaining and enhancing the impact of the approach in the long‐run require developing local terrace maintenance institutions, actively engaging the youth in terrace management and improving the profitability of mountain farming through the differentiation of local products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柳枝浸提液对小麦籽粒发芽的抑制作用研究

研究了柳树枝叶浸提液对小麦籽粒发芽的抑制效应，结果表明：抑制作用的大小随浸提时间和浸提液浓度的不同而异，煎煮时间对小麦种子发芽抑制强度依次为4h〉3h〉2h〉0．5h，浸提液不同浓度的抑制效果为280g／L〉200g／L〉120g／L〉40g／L。